![]() Inability to understand abstract concepts The long-term or permanent results of brain injury may need post-injury and possibly lifelong rehabilitation. Others are more severe and may result in permanent disability. Some brain injuries are mild, with symptoms disappearing over time with proper attention. What are the possible results of brain injury? The jarring of the brain against the sides of the skull can cause shearing (tearing) of the internal lining, tissues, and blood vessels leading to internal bleeding, bruising, or swelling of the brain. As the brain jolts backward, it can hit the skull on the opposite side and cause a bruise called a contrecoup lesion. A bruise directly related to trauma at the site of impact is called a coup lesion (pronounced COO). When there is a direct blow to the head, the bruising of the brain and the damage to the internal tissue and blood vessels is due to a mechanism called coup-contrecoup. What causes bruising and internal damage to the brain? The most common injuries are from motor vehicle accidents (where the person is either riding in the car or is struck as a pedestrian), violence, falls, or as a result of shaking a child (as seen in cases of child abuse). There are many causes of head injury in children and adults. It includes an entire series of steps or stages of cellular, chemical, tissue, or blood vessel changes in the brain that contribute to further destruction of brain tissue. ![]() Secondary brain injury refers to the changes that evolve over a period of hours to days after the primary brain injury. This happens at the time of the car accident, gunshot wound, or fall. Primary brain injury refers to the sudden and profound injury to the brain that is considered to be more or less complete at the time of impact. What is primary and secondary brain injury? The changes in the brain are often microscopic and may not be evident on computed tomography (CT scan) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. DAI usually causes coma and injury to many different parts of the brain. Penetrating, or open head injuries happen when there is a break in the skull, such as when a bullet pierces the brain.ĭiffuse axonal injury is the shearing (tearing) of the brain's long connecting nerve fibers (axons) that happens when the brain is injured as it shifts and rotates inside the bony skull. Shaking a baby can also result in this type of injury (called shaken baby syndrome). Closed brain injuries are usually caused by car accidents, falls, and increasingly, in sports. A closed brain injury is caused by a rapid forward or backward movement and shaking of the brain inside the bony skull that results in bruising and tearing of brain tissue and blood vessels. Closed brain injuries happen when there is a nonpenetrating injury to the brain with no break in the skull. What are the different types of TBI?īrain injury may happen in one of two ways:Ĭlosed brain injury. The severity of a brain injury can range from a mild concussion to a severe injury that results in coma or even death. The damage can be focal (confined to one area of the brain) or diffuse (happens in more than one area of the brain). TBI is a broad term that describes a vast array of injuries that happen to the brain. It is one of the most common causes of disability and death in adults. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) happens when a sudden, external, physical assault damages the brain.
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